The draft legislation of the EU carbon border regulation mechanism was adopted in 2021, which means that the battle between emerging countries and developed countries will start soon. Research based on global input-output data shows that China is the world's largest economy in carbon emissions embodied in exports, accounting for 25.94% of the total carbon emissions embodied in global trade. Because of its huge carbon emissions, China has to face a major impact from the implementation of carbon tariffs in Europe and the United States. We simulate the impact of carbon tariffs imposed by Europe and the United States on China's industrial development by constructing a multi-regional input-output model and a multi-country multi-sector general equilibrium model. The results show that when the price of carbon dioxide is 60 US dollars per ton, it is equivalent to an average additional tariff of 1.77% and 1.78% on imports from China by Europe and the United States. At this time, the simultaneous imposition of carbon tariffs by Europe and the United States will reduce China's social welfare by 0.14%, total output by 0.40%, and total exports by 2.03%, of which goods exported to the EU and the United States will drop by 8.04% and 7.98%, respectively. At the same time, exports of Chemical and chemical products, Basic metals, Computer, electronic and optical equipment, Electrical equipment, and Machinery and equipment decreased by 5.03%, 6.13%, 5.46%, 12.31% and 2.79%, respectively. China should prepare for a rainy day and advance the green and low-carbon transformation of related industries such as computer, electronic products and equipment manufacturing in order to cope with future global carbon tariff competition.