Based on the multiobjective optimization view and resource dependence theory under the conditions of attention constraints, this study uses the new policy of Measures for Pursuing Responsibility for Ecological and Environmental Damage of Party and Government Leading Cadres (2015) as a quasinatural experiment. It uses a differenceindifferenceindifferences (DDD) method and a sample of China’s listed enterprises from 2012-2018 to empirically test the dual pressure of position change expectation and environmental governance perceived by local officials in prefecturelevel cities on the impact of green innovation of listed firms in the jurisdiction. The results show that prefecturelevel officials will urge enterprises in their jurisdictions to improve green innovation performance if they face the dual pressure of position changes and environmental governance after the implementation of the new governance system. The mechanism study finds that prefecturelevel city officials facing dual pressures would improve the green innovation performance of enterprises under their jurisdiction more actively through the local government to improve the regulatory and incentive green innovation policy intensity. Further analysis finds that the promotion effect of municipal officials facing the dual pressure of governance is stronger in improving the lowquality green patents of enterprises than for the highquality green patents, reflecting strategic rather than substantive innovation under pressure. Moreover, the above effects are more pronounced when enterprises are in heavily polluting industries, nonstateowned, and located in highlevel cities. This paper enriches the relevant studies on the activation of enterprises’green innovation behavior by national policies and provides evidence to support how to achieve the “harmonious coexistence” between the improvement of enterprises’green competitiveness and regional environmental protection. It also provides an important reference for relevant departments to further promote the reform of official assessment methods.