Abstract: In recent years, the rise of behavioral science has provided theoretical and methodological tools for policy research to reveal the underlying logic of "the effectiveness of public policy" from a micro perspective. However, previous studies have not provided conceptual tools to explain the triggering mechanism of behavioral effects of policy tools, ignored the multiple motivations and the "complexity of human nature" behind them. Therefore, in the form of theoretical review, this paper constructs the research framework of "behavioral effects of policy instruments and motivation triggering mechanism", discuss related scientific propositions and application prospects. The core significance of this paper is to deepen the theoretical understanding of the micro basis of macro management and policy, and expand the space of dialogue between behavioral science and policy science. In practice, by introducing "behavioral insight" into the decision-making "toolbox" of the public sector, it can provide reference for the public sector to carry out evidence-based policy making, promote the scientific and democratic level of decision-making.