This research reviews recent theoretical advances and practical experiences related to antitrust regulation in the platform economy, with the aim of providing insights for developing a scientifically sound and effective regulatory system. We begin by examining regulatory trends within the world’s major antitrust authorities, revealing that the general trend is to strengthen the supervision of large digital platforms, improve regulatory policies, and consolidate enforcement capabilities. Second, we discuss the challenges that platform antitrust issues pose to the traditional analytical framework and tools of antitrust economics, as well as alternative approaches that have recently emerged based on the fundamental characteristics and business strategies of digital platforms. Finally, using economic analyses in Epic Games v. Apple as an example, we further explain the difficulty of applying the traditional analytical framework to platform antitrust issues and discuss policy implications.