With the rapid advancement of digital and intelligent technologies, supply chains are evolving into complex supply-chain ecosystems—a transformation that has attracted significant attention from industry and academia. To support research and practice in this emerging field, we explore the construction of supply chain ecosystems and examine managerial challenges across three hierarchical dimensions: policy design, strategic planning, and operations management. By integrating these perspectives, we propose key research priorities, including aligning policy frameworks with the dynamic nature of supply chain ecosystems to leverage their synergistic potential, developing governance structures that promote sustainable development goals, and enhancing operational efficiency through adaptive coordination mechanisms and optimization strategies. These directions bridge theoretical insights with practical approaches to optimizing ecosystem performance and resilience.