Petroleum reserve is an important way to control the risk of petroleum supply chain. This paper develops a linear programming model for the operations management of petroleum supply chain, then it is applied to simulating the value of 30, 60 and 90 day' s strategic petroleum reserve under different increases of demand or crude oil price. The results show that strategic petroleum reserve can effectively control the increase of supply chain operational cost when big fluctuations occur， and the effects are different if the scale of strategic petroleum reserve is changed.